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8 Corps of Engineers Surveying Manuals Tons of charts, drawings, examples - how-to info. -2. "Survey Markers and Monumentations" -3. "Global Positioning System Surveying" 6-. "Geodetic and Control Surveying" -8. "Engineering and Design - Structural Deformation Surveying" LASER FAST Courteous communication!! AAA+++!!! All files/material in Adobe PDF format. Works with Windows, Mac, Unix, Linux and others. Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-1 Scope of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1-1 Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-1 Brand Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1-1 USACE Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1-1 COGO System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1-2 Sample Scope of Work . . . . . . . . 1-10 1-2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1-2 Proponency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1-2 Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 1-2 Topographic Accuracy Standards General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1 Topographic Mapping Standards . 2-2 2-1 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2-9 Intended Use of the Map . . . . . . 2-4 2-9 Area of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2-9 Map Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2-9 Contour Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2-10 ASPRS Accuracy Standards . . . . 2-8 2-10 Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2-12 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-1 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3-1 Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-2 Primary Survey Control . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3-2 GPS Survey Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-3 Topographic Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3-3 Plane Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3-3 Scale Factor Considerations . . . . . . . 3-8 3-4 Control Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1 Engineering Site Plan Surveys . . . . . . 4-2 4-1 Utility Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4-1 As-Built Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4-2 Section I. Plane-Table Surveys General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 4-3 Plane-Table Topography . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 4-3 Plane-Table Triangulation . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4-3 Plane-Table Resection . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4-4 Plane-Table Two-Point Problem . . . . 4-9 4-5 Plane-Table Traverse . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 4-6 Plane-Table Stadia Traverse . . . . . . . 4-11 4-6 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4-6 Contouring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4-7 Locating and Plotting Detail . . . . . . . 4-14 4-8 Plane-Table Equipment Checklist . . . . 4-15 4-10 Plane-Table Setup Hints . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 4-10 Plane-Table Notekeeping . . . . . . . . . 4-17 4-10 Plane-Table Location Details . . . . . . . 4-18 4-11 Subject Paragraph Page Subject Paragraph Page Section II. Electronic Total Station Surveys Electronic Total Stations . . . . . . . 4-19 4-12 Field Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 4-13 Equipment Maintenance . . . . . . . 4-21 4-13 Maintaining Battery Power . . . . . 4-22 4-14 Total Station Job Planning and Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23 4-15 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24 Total Survey System Error Sources and How to Avoid Them . . . . . 4-25 4-18 Controlling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 4-19 Coding Field Data . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27 4-20 Field Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 4-20 Modem for Data Transfer (Field to Office) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 4-21 Vertical Traversing . . . . . . . . . 4-30 4-21 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 4-22 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 4-22 Data Collection Procedures for the General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5-1 Generic Data Collector . . . . . . 5-2 5-1 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5-2 Field Crew Responsibility . . . . . . 5-4 5-7 Surveyor-Data Collector Interface 5-5 5-10 Digital Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5-10 Digital Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5-10 Data Collector Requirements . . . . 5-8 5-12 Coding Field Data . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 5-14 Summary of Total Station Fieldto- Finish Procedures . . . . . . . . 5-10 5-14 Data Collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 5-14 Surveyor Data Collector Interface Computer Interfacing . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-1 Data Standardization . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6-1 Coordinate File Coding . . . . . . . . 6-3 6-1 Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 6-2 Drafting (CADD) Interface . . . . 6-5 6-4 and Input to CADD . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 6-4 CADD Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6-4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7-1 CVTPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 7-1 File Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 7-1 Overview of Topographic Survey Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 7-2 Typical Point Descriptors Used in Topographic Surveying . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 7-2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 8-1 Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 8-1 Scope of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 8-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9-1 Horizontal Circular Curves . . . . . . . . 9-2 9-1 Deflection Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 9-1 Degree of Curve - Arc Definition . . . 9-4 9-2 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5 9-2 Curve Stakeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6 9-2 Curve Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7 9-2 Transition Spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8 9-3 Spiral Stakeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9 9-4 Vertical Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10 9-4 Offset Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 9-4 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12 9-5 Vertical Curve Obstructions . . . . . . . 9-13 9-6 Automated Topographic Survey Data Collector Equipment - Inventory of USACE 2. "Survey Markers and Monumentations" Monumentation Comprehensive Plan 1-6 1-1 CHAPTER 3. VERTICAL CONTROL - BENCH MARKS Selection of Monument Type Based on Naming Vertical Control Monuments 3-3 3-17 Marks of Other Organizations 3-4 3-19 CHAPTER 4. HORIZONTAL CONTROL MONUMENTS Selection of Monument Type Based on Local Site Conditions 4-1 4-1 Reference and Azimuth Marks 4-4 4-7 Three-Dimensional Monuments 4-5 4-9 Marks of Other Organizations 4-6 4-9 Selection of Monument Type Based on Local Site Conditions 5-2 5-1 Naming Boundary Monuments 5-4 5-2 Witness Trees and Corners 5-6 5-3 Monument/Marker Documentation 6-1 6-1 3. "Global Positioning System Surveying" Monumentation Comprehensive Plan 1-6 1-1 CHAPTER 3. VERTICAL CONTROL - BENCH MARKS Selection of Monument Type Based on Naming Vertical Control Monuments 3-3 3-17 Marks of Other Organizations 3-4 3-19 Witness Posts and Signs 3-5 3-20 CHAPTER 4. HORIZONTAL CONTROL MONUMENTS Selection of Monument Type Based on Local Site Conditions 4-1 4-1 Reference and Azimuth Marks 4-4 4-7 Three-Dimensional Monuments 4-5 4-9 Marks of Other Organizations 4-6 4-9 Selection of Monument Type Based on Local Site Conditions 5-2 5-1 Naming Boundary Monuments 5-4 5-2 Witness Trees and Corners 5-6 5-3 Monument/Marker Documentation 6-1 Mandatory Requirements . 1-5 1-1 Life Cycle Project Management Integration of Photogrammetric Mapping Throughout the Project Life . 1-8 1-3 Trade Name Exclusions . 1-10 1-4 Manual Development and Proponency 1-11 1-5 Mandatory Requirements of this Chapter. 1-14 1-6 Photogrammetric Accuracy Standards and Classifications Photogrammetric Mapping Standards 2-2 2-2 USACE Photogrammetric Mapping Standard 2-3 2-7 ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Large-Scale Maps. 2-4 2-9 Typical Mapping Scales, Contour Intervals, and Accuracy Classifications for USACE Functional Applications 2-5 2-11 Supplemental USACE Photogrammetric Mapping Criteria. 2-6 2-12 USACE Orthophoto and Orthophoto Map Accuracy Standards 2-7 2-15 Photogrammetric Mapping Coverage 2-8 2-16 Mandatory Requirements in Chapter 2 2-9 2-17 Photogrammetric Processes 3-2 3-1 Adjustment of Imagery to the Earth . 3-5 Quality Control / Quality Assurance 3-7 3-7 Photogrammetric Mapping Planning and Cost Estimating Principles Photogrammetric Mapping Project Planning . 4-2 4-1 Photo Scale, Contour Interval, and Target Map Scale Determination . 4-3 4-2 Photogrammetric Mapping Production Flow . 4-6 4-24Approach to Estimating Detailed Photogrammetric Mapping Project Costs . 4-7 4-24 Project Specifications. 4-8 4-26 Contract Parameters . 4-9 4-26 Calculation of Production Hours for Aerial Photography 4-10 4-28 Photo Control Surveying Cost Items 4-11 4-29 Photogrammetric Compilation and Digital Mapping Cost Items. 4-13 4-30 Summary of Production Hours. 4-15 4-32 Photogrammetric Mapping - Sample Scope of Work and Cost Estimate 4-16 4-33 Subcontracted Photography 5-2 5-2 Operational Procedures 5-4 5-2 Types of Aerial Cameras 5-7 5-9 Camera Classifications. 5-10 5-10 Camera Mounting Requirements 5-11 5-10 Camera Criteria/Reporting . 5-12 5-10 Radiant Energy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum. 5-14 5-11 Film Characteristics 5-15 5-13 Type of Diapositives 5-16 5-13 Photo Index Map Requirements .5-22 5-16 Contract Deliverables. 5-24 5-17 Coordinate Reference Systems. 6-2 6-1 Ground Control Requirements for Photogrammetric Mapping 6-3 6-1 Marking Photo Control. 6-4 6-7 Survey Accuracy Standards 6-5 6- Airborne Global Positioning System Techniques ABGPS Project Configuration . 7-6 7-5 Aerotriangulation Principles. 8-2 8-1 Ground Control Points . 8-5 8-3 Accuracy and Quality Control Criteria 8-8 8-5 Stereoplotter Settings . 8-9 8-8 Types of Stereoplotters. 9-4 9-2 Stereoplotter Operations. 9-5 9-3 Stereoplotter Output Devices . 9-6 9-4 Softcopy Workstations Output Devices . 9-8 9-5 Stereoplotter Accuracies. 9-9 9-5 Line Map Compilation Procedures. 9-10 9-7 Compilation of Topography 9-11 9-8 Production Procedures 10-7 10-5 Limitation of Orthophotography . 10-9 10-8 Airborne LIDAR Topographic Surveying Operating Principles. 11-2 11-1 Uses of LIDAR within the Corps . 11-3 11-2 Capabilities and Limitations. 11-5 11-3 Comparisons with Existing Technologies 11-6 11-3 LIDAR System Components 11-7 11-4 Planning a LIDAR Data Collection 11-8 11-6 LIDAR Data Collection . 11-9 11-7 LIDAR Data Processing. 11-10 11-9 Data Classification . 11-12 11-10 Contracting Issues 11-14 11-11 Sources of Additional Information.11-15 11-12 6. "Geodetic and Control Surveying" This manual provides detailed technical guidance and procedures for compliance with the policy in Engineer Regulation (ER) 1110-1-8156. That regulation establishes general criteria and presents policy and guidance for the acquisition, processing, storage, distribution, and utilization of non-tactical geospatial data throughout the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and in compliance with Executive Order (EO) 12906, Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and other appropriate standards, including the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)/Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 173, Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) standards, and Tri- Service Spatial Data Standards (TSSDS). This manual also provides detailed technical guidance and requirements and identifies standards for Geospatial Data and Systems (GD&S). By using this manual, USACE will maximize its use of GD&S technologies; will promote interoperability among GD&S technologies; will reduce duplication of geospatial data collection and software development; will support the digital geospatial data life cycle; and will strengthen the USACE role in the NSDI. Abbreviations and acronyms used in this publication are 7. "Geospatial Data and Systems" A geodetic control survey consists of establishing the horizontal and vertical positions of points for the control of a project or installation site, map, GIS, or study area. These surveys establish threedimensional point positions of fixed monuments, which then can provide the primary reference for subsequent engineering and construction projects. These control points also provide the basic framework from which detailed site plan topographic mapping, boundary demarcation, and construction alignment work can be performed. Precisely controlled monuments are also established to position marine construction vessels supporting the Corps navigation mission-e.g., the continuous positioning of dredges and survey boats. Geodetic control survey techniques are also used to effectively and efficiently monitor and evaluate external deformations in large structures, such as locks and dams. 8."Engineering and Design - Structural Deformation Surveying" The primary emphasis of this manual is placed on the technical procedures for performing precise monitoring surveys in support of the Corps periodic inspection and dam safety programs. General planning criteria, field and office execution procedures, data reduction and adjustment methods, and required accuracy specifications for performing structural deformation surveys are provided. These techniques are applicable to periodic monitoring surveys on earth and rock-fill dams, embankments, and concrete structures. This manual covers both conventional (terrestrial) and satellite (GPS) deformation survey methods used for measuring external movements. This manual does not cover instrumentation required to measure internal loads, stresses, strains, or pressures within a structure-refer to the references at Appendix A for these activities. Example applications on Corps projects are provided at Appendix B (Deformation Surveys of Locks and Dams) and Appendix C (Monitoring Schemes for Concrete Dams). The manual is intended to be a reference guide for structural deformation surveying, whether performed by in-house hired-labor forces, contracted forces, or combinations thereof. This manual should be directly referenced in the scopes of work for Architect-Engineer (A-E) survey services or other third-party All material in Adobe PDF format. Easy to use search and print functions. Adobe 5.0 Reader included on CD. We are a licensed distributor of LASER FAST !!! Courteous communication!! 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