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Fasteners nuts bolts specs fits strength handbook c d


Fasteners nuts bolts specs fits strength handbook c d
Fasteners Nuts Bolts Specs Fits Strength Handbook
Fasteners Nuts Bolts Specs Fits Strength Handbook on CD
a. Identifying fasteners by their markings.
b. How to distinguish between different types of similar fasteners.
c. Properly using thread inserts.
d. Identifying threaded fasteners by their markings, and by their thread class, fit, series, and designation.
f. Proper tightening requirements and recommended torque limits for fastener tightening. This manual also
includes guidelines for calculating fastener torque requirements when they are unavailable.
g. Thread fastener locking using self-locking fasteners and applying chemical thread-locking compounds.
h. Selecting a suitable fastener system when the equipment specifications or the original fasteners or both are
i. Inspecting fasteners to see if they are suitable for reinstalling and inspecting installed fasteners.
j. Repairing damaged fasteners.
k. Removing stubborn or damaged fasteners.
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Fasteners Nuts Bolts Specs Fits Strength Handbook
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION TO THREADED FASTENERS . . 75-1
075-1.1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS. 75-1
075-1.2.1 USING FASTENERS.75-2
075-1.2.2 FASTENER MAINTENANCE PRACTICES.75-3
SECTION 2. IDENTIFICATION OF FASTENERS .75-7
075-2.2 THREAD CLASS, FIT, SERIES, AND DESIGNATION . 75-8
075-2.2.1 THREAD CLASSES. 75-8
075-2.2.2.1 Class 1, 2, and 3 Fit.75-8
075-2.2.3.1 UNC (Coarse Thread) Series. 75-9
075-2.2.3.2 UNF (Fine Thread) Series. 75-9
075-2.2.3.3 UN (Constant Pitch Thread) Series. . 75-9
075-2.2.3.5 NC (National Coarse Thread) Series. 75-9
075-2.2.4 THREAD DESIGNATION. 75-9
075-2.2.5 THREAD ACCEPTABILITY, GAUGING. 75-10
075-2.2.5.1 Fastener Fit Requirements. 75-10
075-2.2.6 THREAD GAUGES. 75-10
075-2.3 IDENTIFYING REPLACEMENT FASTENERS . 75-11
075-2.3.1 DRAWING IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS. 75-11
075-2.3.2 IDENTIFYING FASTENERS ON APL’S. 75-12
075-2.3.3 IDENTIFYING FASTENERS AND FASTENER STANDARD PART
075-2.4 CAPSCREWS AND INTERNAL WRENCHING BOLTS . 75-14
075-2.4.1 SOCKET-HEAD CAP SCREWS.75-14
075-2.4.1.1 Selecting Dimensional Standard .75-14
075-2.4.1.2 NAS 1351 and NAS 1352 Part Numbers. 75-18
075-2.4.1.3 Authorized Socket-Head Capscrew Substitutions. 75-19
075-2.4.1.4 Socket-Head Capscrew Substitution Requiring NAVSEA
075-2.4.1.5 Identification of Socket Head Cap Screws. 75-20
075-2.4.2 INTERNAL WRENCHING BOLTS. 75-21
075-2.4.2.1 Socket-Head Capscrews. 75-21
075-2.4.2.2 Identification Marking of Internal Wrenching Bolts. 75-21
075-2.4.2.3 Restrictions on Using Internal Wrenching Bolts. 75-21
075-2.4.3 HEXAGON-HEAD CAPSCREWS. . 75-22
075-2.4.3.1 ASME B 18.2.1 Part Numbering System. 75-22
075-2.4.3.2 Zinc and Cadmium Plated Hex Head Cap Screws. 75-23
075-2.4.3.3 Grade 8, Zinc Plated Hex Head Cap Screws. 75-26
075-2.5.1 IDENTIFYING REPLACEMENT WASHERS.75-26
075-2.5.2 COUNTERSUNK WASHERS (SINGLE SURFACE). 75-27
075-2.5.3 COUNTERSUNK WASHERS (TWO SURFACES). 75-27
075-2.6 ZINC-PLATED STEEL NUTS AND WASHERS . 75-27
075-2.7 THREAD INSERTS . . 75-27
075-2.7.1 PURPOSE OF THREAD INSERT. . 75-27
075-2.8 NONSTANDARD FASTENER APPLICATIONS . 75-28
075-2.8.1 LEFT-HAND THREAD APPLICATIONS. 75-28
075-2.8.2 UNIFORM STRENGTH FASTENERS. 75-30
075-2.8.3 HOLES FOR UNIFORM STRENGTH FASTENERS. 75-31
SECTION 3. THREADED FASTENER MATERIALS AND MARKING . 75-35
075-3.2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS . 75-35
075-3.2.1 FASTENER REQUIREMENTS FOR MIC LEVEL I APPLICATIONS. 75-35
075-3.2.2 LEVEL I REQUIREMENTS FOR FASTENERS. 75-35
075-3.2.2.1 Procurement Specifications. 75-35
075-3.2.2.2 Fastener Identification and Control. . 75-35
075-3.2.2.3 Color Coding. 75-36
075-3.2.3 FASTENER MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION
MARKINGS AND SUGGESTED USE. 75-36
075-3.2.3.1 Chemical and Physical Properties.75-36
075-3.2.3.2 Material Identification Markings.75-36
075-3.2.3.3 Material Identification Markings for Stainless Steel Fasteners. 75-37
075-3.2.3.4 Identifying Material When Fasteners Are Not Marked. 75-37
075-3.2.3.5 Manufacturer’s Markings. 75-37
075-3.3 MIL-S-1222 FASTENERS. 75-37
075-3.3.2 MIL-S-1222 FASTENER MATERIAL MARKING. 75-38
075-3.3.2.1 300 Series Stainless. 75-38
075-3.3.2.2 400 Series Stainless Steel. 75-38
075-3.3.2.3 Marking Locations. 75-38
075-3.3.3 AVAILABILITY . 75-39
075-3.3.3.1 Fastener Part Numbers. . 75-39
075-3.3.3.2 Other Sources. 75-39
075-3.4 ISSUES AFFECTING MATERiAL SELECTION . 75-58
075-3.4.1.2 Galvanic Corrosion. 75-58
075-3.4.1.3 Design Considerations to Reduce or Eliminate Corrosion. . 75-59
075-3.4.2 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING. 75-60
075-3.4.2.1 High-Strength Steel Fasteners. 75-60
075-3.4.3.1 Corrosion Protection.75-62
075-3.4.3.2 Zinc and Cadmium Coatings. 75-63
075-3.4.3.3 Black Oxide Coated Fasteners. 75-63
075-3.4.3.4 Zinc Primer Coating in Accordance with DOD-P-24648. . 75-64
075-3.4.3.5 Metallic-Ceramic Coated Fasteners. . 75-66
075-3.5 HIGH-TEMPERATURE FASTENERS . 75-66
075-3.6 SUITABLE USES FOR THREADED FASTENERS .75-67
075-3.7 TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND POINTS OF CONTACT . 75-69
075-3.7.3 NAVICP-M-P (NAVAL INVENTORY CONTROL POINT), FORMERLY
SECTION 4. FASTENER TIGHTENING .75-71
075-4.2 TIGHTENING SEQUENCE .75-72
075-4.3.1 PRELOAD THEORY. 75-72
075-4.3.2 PURPOSE OF PRELOAD. 75-72
075-4.3.2.1 Preventing Loosening.75-73
075-4.3.2.2 Improving Fastener Fatigue Life.75-73
075-4.3.3 DETERMINING PROPER PRELOAD. 75-74
075-4.3.3.1 Determining Design Operating Loads. 75-77
075-4.3.3.2 Determining Torque Requirements.75-77
075-4.4.2 INITIAL RELAXATION. 75-77
075-4.4.3 TORSIONAL RELAXATION. 75-78
075-4.4.4 LONG TERM RELAXATION. 75-78
075-4.4.4.1 Stress Relaxation. 75-78
075-4.4.4.2 Vibration Relaxation.75-78
075-4.5 Methods of establishing preload . 75-78
075-4.5.1 TORQUE CONTROL.75-79
075-4.5.1.1 Units of Measurement. . 75-79
075-4.5.1.2 Determining Required Torque. 75-79
075-4.5.1.3 Applying Torque to a Fastener. 75-81
075-4.5.1.4 Torque Wrenches. 75-81
075-4.5.1.5 Tightening Fasteners Using Torque Control. 75-81
075-4.5.1.6 Special Requirements for Spiral-Wound Gaskets. 75-82
075-4.5.1.7 Changes in Torque as Fastener Yields. 75-82
075-4.5.2 TURN-OF-NUT CONTROL. 75-82
075-4.5.2.1 The Basis of Turn Requirements.75-82
075-4.5.2.2 Units of Measurement. . 75-83
075-4.5.2.3 Initial Snugging. 75-83
075-4.5.2.4 Where to Make the Measurements. . 75-84
075-4.5.2.5 Turning the Nut. 75-84
075-4.5.3 STRETCH CONTROL.75-84
075-4.5.3.1 Determining Stretch Requirements. . 75-84
075-4.5.3.2 Measuring the Stretch.75-84
075-4.5.4 ULTRASONIC STRETCH OR STRESS CONTROL. 75-85
075-4.5.5 HYDRAULIC TENSIONING AND HEATING. . 75-85
075-4.6 THREAD LUBRICANTS . 75-85
075-4.6.2 THREAD LUBRICANT APPLICATION. 75-85
SECTION 5. THREADED FASTENER LOCKING .75-91
075-5.1.1 THREADED FASTENER LOOSENING. 75-91
075-5.2 PRELOAD METHOD . 75-91
075-5.3 PREVAILING TORQUE (SELF-LOCKING NUT) METHOD . 75-92
075-5.3.2 REUSABLE SELF-LOCKING FASTENERS.75-92
075-5.3.2.1 Plastic Ring and Insert Fasteners.75-92
075-5.3.2.2 Reusable Metal (Spring Beam) Self-Locking Nuts. 75-94
075-5.3.3 NONREUSABLE SELF-LOCKING FASTENERS. 75-95
075-5.3.3.1 Distorted Collar Nuts.75-95
075-5.3.3.2 Distorted Thread Nuts. . 75-96
075-5.3.4 JAM NUTS (LOCK NUTS). 75-96
075-5.3.4.1 Jam Nut Assembly. 75-96
075-5.3.4.2 Tightening the Jam Nut. . 75-96
075-5.4 MECHANICAL METHOD . 75-97
075-5.4.2.2 Driven Pins. . 75-99
075-5.4.2.3 Use of Hardened Drive Pins. 75-99
075-5.4.2.4 Installing Straight Pins. . 75-100
075-5.4.2.5 Installing Taper Pins.75-100
075-5.4.2.6 Aligning Holes for Pins. 75-100
075-5.4.2.7 Substitutions for Pin-Type Locking Devices.75-100
075-5.4.3.1 Installing Tab Locks.75-101
075-5.4.3.2 Tab Bend Radius. 75-101
075-5.4.4 STAKING AND PEENING. 75-101
075-5.5 SAFETY WIRE METHOD . 75-101
075-5.5.3 TIGHTENING SAFETY WIRED FASTENERS. . 75-102
075-5.5.4 WIRE INSTALLATION. . 75-102
075-5.6 LOCKWASHER METHOD . 75-102
075-5.6.2 HELICAL SPRING LOCKWASHERS. 75-102
075-5.6.3 CURVED OR CONICAL SPRING LOCKWASHERS. 75-102
075-5.6.4 TOOTHED LOCKWASHERS. 75-103
075-5.6.4.1 Internal Tooth Lockwashers. 75-103
075-5.6.4.2 External Tooth Lockwashers. 75-103
075-5.6.4.3 Internal-External Tooth Lockwashers. 75-105
075-5.6.5 PART NUMBERS. 75-105
075-5.7 CHEMICAL METHOD . 75-105
075-5.7.2 ANAEROBIC THREADLOCKING COMPOUND. 75-106
075-5.7.2.1 Material Compatibility. . 75-106
075-5.7.2.2 Cleaning and Surface Activation Requirements. . 75-106
075-5.7.2.3 Anaerobic Compound Cure Time.75-107
075-5.7.2.4 Fastener Material Curing Characteristics. 75-107
075-5.7.2.5 Primers (Activators).75-107
075-5.7.2.6 Assembly Time Requirements. 75-107
075-5.7.2.7 Using Heat to Cure. 75-107
075-5.7.2.8 Tightening Chemically Locked Fasteners. 75-107
075-5.7.2.9 Tightening of Studs Set with Chemicals. 75-109
075-5.7.2.10 Threadlocking Compound Selection. . 75-109
SECTION 6. THREADED FASTENER REMOVAL .75-112
075-6.1.2 LEFT-HAND THREADS. 75-112
075-6.1.3 AVOIDING PROBLEMS. 75-113
075-6.1.3.1 Plan Your Job. 75-113
075-6.1.3.2 Think Safety. . 75-113
075-6.1.3.3 Stubborn or Damaged Fasteners.75-113
075-6.1.4 NORMAL REMOVAL.75-113
075-6.1.5 REMOVAL OF CHEMICALLY LOCKED FASTENERS. . 75-114
075-6.1.5.1 Using Torque to Loosen. 75-114
075-6.1.5.2 Using Heat and Torque to Loosen.75-114
075-6.1.5.3 Using Chemicals and Torque to Loosen. 75-114
075-6.1.5.4 Nonanaerobic Locking Compounds. . 75-114
SECTION 7. INSTALLATION OF THREADED FASTENERS .75-114
075-7.2 FASTENER SELECTION PROCEDURE . . 75-115
075-7.3 FIVE BASIC SITUATIONS . 75-115
075-7.3.2 NEW EQUIPMENT. 75-115
075-7.3.3 DAMAGED FASTENERS. 75-116
075-7.3.4 UNREPAIRABLE FASTENERS.75-116
075-7.3.5 UNIDENTIFIABLE FASTENERS. . 75-116
075-7.3.6 USE OF TEMPORARY FASTENERS. 75-116
075-7.4 SELECTION OF PROPER THREADED FASTENER SYSTEMS . 75-116
075-7.4.1 THREADED FASTENER SYSTEM. 75-116
075-7.4.2 TECHNICAL MANUALS AND SYSTEM DRAWINGS.75-117
075-7.4.3 UNAVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL MANUALS. 75-117
075-7.5 LENGTH OF THREAD PROTRUSION .75-117
075-7.5.1 MINIMUM THREAD PROTRUSION. 75-117
075-7.5.2 MAXIMUM THREAD PROTRUSION. 75-117
075-7.6 DEPTH OF ENGAGEMENT FOR STUDS AND CAPSCREWS . . 75-118
075-7.6.1 DETERMINING REQUIRED DEPTH OF ENGAGEMENT. 75-118
075-7.7 SQUARENESS OF SPOTFACE WITH HOLE . 75-118
075-7.7.1 FASTENER-BENDING LOADS.75-118
075-7.7.2 EFFECT OF BEARING SURFACE ON TORQUE LOAD. . 75-119
075-7.8 HEX-HEAD BOLTS AND CAPSCREWS . . 75-119
075-7.8.1 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEX-HEAD BOLTS AND CAPSCREWS. 75-119
075-7.8.2 TYPES OF BOLTS. 75-119
075-7.8.3 THROUGH BOLTS. 75-119
075-7.8.4 CAPSCREWS IN THREADED HOLES. 75-120
075-7.8.4.1 Selecting Proper Screw Length.75-120
075-7.8.4.2 Preventing Damage to Tapped Threads. 75-120
075-7.8.4.3 Cleaning the Tapped Hole. 75-120
075-7.8.4.4 Use of Thread Locking, Lubricating, and Antiseize Compounds. 75-122
075-7.9.1 WHY AND WHERE THEY ARE USED. 75-122
075-7.9.2 HOLE PREPARATION. . 75-122
075-7.9.3 FITTED BOLT PREPARATION.75-122
075-7.9.4 ALTERNATE FITUP PROCEDURE. 75-122
075-7.10.1 WHY AND WHERE THEY ARE USED. 75-122
075-7.10.2 TYPES OF BOLT-STUDS. 75-122
075-7.11.1 WHY AND WHERE THEY ARE USED. 75-124
075-7.11.2 TYPES OF STUDS. 75-124
075-7.11.3 SETTING STUDS. 75-124
075-7.11.3.1 Class 5 Fit.75-124
075-7.11.3.2 Nonstandard Class 5 Fit Threads.75-125
075-7.12 USE OF FLAT WASHERS . 75-125
075-7.12.2 WASHERS FOR EQUIPMENT SLIDING FOOT FASTENERS. 75-125
075-7.13 INTERCHANGEABILITY OF NUTS . 75-125
075-7.13.2 STANDARDS FOR PLAIN HEXAGON NUTS WITH THE SAME PART
NUMBER FOR DOUBLE CHAMFERED AND WASHER FACED
SECTION 8. THREADED FASTENER INSPECTION AND REPAIR . 75-126
075-8.2 INSPECTION OF INSTALLED THREADED FASTENERS AND JOINTS . . 75-126
075-8.2.1 GENERAL INSPECTION. 75-126
075-8.2.2 RUST AND CORROSION. 75-127
075-8.2.3 THREAD PROTRUSION. 75-127
075-8.2.5 CHECKING PRELOAD. . 75-127
075-8.3 VISUAL EXAMINATION OF FASTENERS PRIOR TO INSTALLATION . . 75-128
075-8.3.1 INSPECTING FOR PROPER APPLICATION TYPE. 75-128
075-8.3.3 RUST OR CORROSION DAMAGE. 75-128
075-8.3.4 OVERTIGHTENED (YIELDED) FASTENERS. . 75-128
075-8.3.5 THREAD FLATTENING. 75-128
075-8.3.6 SELF-LOCKING ELEMENTS. 75-128
075-8.4 ADDITIONAL EXAMINATIONS . 75-128
075-8.4.2 CHECKING SELF-LOCKING NUTS. 75-128
075-8.5.2 THREAD REWORK. 75-129
075-8.5.3 THREAD FILING. 75-129
075-8.5.4 THREAD LAPPING. 75-129
075-8.6 REWORKING OF THREADED FASTENER JOINTS . . 75-129
075-8.6.1 FASTENER REMOVAL. . 75-129
075-8.6.2 SUBMARINE FASTENER APPLICATIONS.75-129
075-8.6.3 REWORK/REPLACEMENT OF CLASS 5 INTERFERENCE FIT THREADS. . 75-130
075-8.6.3.1 Replacements Using Anaerobic Compounds.75-130
075-8.6.3.2 Replacement Interference Fit Studs. . 75-130
075-8.6.4 REMOVAL AND REUSE OF ASSEMBLED STUDS. 75-131
075-8.6.5 STEPPED STUDS. 75-131
SECTION 9. REMOVING DAMAGED OR STUBBORN THREADED FASTENERS . . 75-131
075-9.2 PREVENTING PROBLEMS .75-132
075-9.3 NORMAL REMOVAL . 75-132
075-9.4 ROUNDED-OFF NUT AND HEAD CORNERS . 75-132
075-9.4.2 NUTS INSTALLED ON THROUGH BOLTS AND BOLT-STUDS.75-132
075-9.4.3 NUTS ON STUDS. 75-132
075-9.5 SEIZED THREADS . . 75-133
075-9.6 BROKEN STUDS AND CAPSCREWS .75-134
075-9.6.2 NONLOCKED STUDS. . 75-134
075-9.6.2.1 Drilling an Axial Hole in a Stud.75-134
075-9.6.2.2 Using Ezy-outs. 75-134
075-9.6.2.3 Drilling Out the Stud.75-135
075-9.6.2.4 Using EDM Equipment. . 75-136
075-9.6.2.5 Power Driven Broken Bolt Extractor (NSN 5130-01-387-7451).. 75-136
075-9.6.3 CLASS 5 FIT AND LOCKED STUDS. 75-136
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