Dear shopper: We hope you'll find our items interesting and useful [All derivative (i.e. change in media; by compilation) work from this underlying public domain/public release, anonimous, or non-UScopyrighted data is COPYRIGHT © The Learning Company* Check the laws of your country. PURPOSE. This technical manual has been prepared to provide complete uniform information and establish standard practices for the painting of buildings, structures, and fixed equipment. Advances in paint technology have led to the development of many coatings formulated to meet specific requirements and conditions. Generally, more than one painting system is well suited for the combination of surface, environment and service required. Similarly, surface preparation, the choice of equipment, and the method of application may vary according to the severity of the exposure, the coating used, and the conditions under which it is applied. Each of these factors contributes to the effectiveness of the completed job. The purpose of this manual is to describe proper methods for surface preparation, to delineate satisfactory paint systems, and to recommend proper procedures for application of these paint systems to effectively protect and economically maintain a variety of surfaces. Section 2. PURPOSE OF PAINTING 1.2.2 Sanitation and Cleanliness 1.2.3 Illumination and Visibility Section 3. SPECIFICATIONS, SAMPLING, TESTING, INSPECTION 1.3.1 Use of Product Specifications 1.3.4 Job Acceptance Inspection Section 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR PAINTING OPERATIONS 1.4.4 Environmental Conditions Section 5. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINTS Section 6. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF MERCURY-CONTAINING FUNGICIDES IN PAINTS Section 7. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF SOLVENTS CHAPTER 2. PROGRAMMED PAINTING 2.2.1 Inspection and Reporting 2.2.4 Inspection During Application 3.1.3 Responsibility of Foremen 3.2.2 Precautions and Prevention 3.3.2 Precaution~ and Prevention 3.4.2 Precautions and Prevention 3.5.2 Medical Examinations and Records CHAPTER 4. PAINTING OPERATIONS 4.1.3 Equipment Operation and Maintenance 4.2.4 Defective Paint Materials Section 3. PAINT CONDITIONING AND MIXING Section 4. PREPARATION OF SURFACES 4.4.3 Chemical and Solvent Treatment 4.4.5 Conditioners, Sealers and Fillers 4.4.6 Applicable Specifications 4.5.2 Calking Compounds and Sealants 4.5.5 Application of Calking and Glazing Compounds, Putty, and Sealants 4.5.7 Applicable Specifications 4.6.2 Basic Application Procedures CHAPTER 5. DETERIORATION OF COATINGS Section 1. NORMAL DETERIORATION 5.1.4 Coatings Subject to Abrasion 5.1.5 Factors Affecting Normal Deterioration Section 2. ABNORMAL DETERIORATION 5.2.4 Incompatible Preservatives and Paints 5.2.5 Improper Painting Operations 5.2.6 Poor Painting Techniques 5.2.7 Entrance of Moisture Due to Faulty Structural Conditions 6.2.19 Comparison of Paint Binders 6.3.9 Special Purpose Paint Materials 6.3.10 Accessory Paint Materials CHAPTER 7. INTERIOR PAINTING (EXCEPT FLOORS) 7.1.2 Purpose of Interior Painting Section 2. TYPES OF PRODUCTS AVAILABLE 7.2.5 Applicable Specifications Section 3. SURFACE PREPARATION AND REPAIR Section 4. SELECTION, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION 7.4.2 Preparation of Coatings for Use 8.1.2 Purpose of Exterior Painting Section 2. TYPES OF PRODUCTS AVAILABLE 8.2.6 Applicable Specifications Section 3. SURFACE PREPARATION AND REPAIR Section 4. SELECTION, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION 8.4.2 Preparation of Coatings for Use 9.1.2 Purpose of Floor Finishing Section 2. TYPES OF PRODUCTS AVAILABLE 9.2.4 Applicable Specifications . Section 3. SURFACE PREPARATION AND REPAIR Section 4. SELECTION, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF COATINGS 9.4.2 Preparation of Coatings for Use CHAPTER 10. SPECIAL PURPOSE COATINGS 10.1.2 Use of Special Purpose Coatings Section 2. TYPES OF COATINGS USED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 10.2.2 Special Painting Materials 10.2.3 Special Areas and Objects 10.2.6 Applicable Specifications Section 3. SURFACE PREPARATION AND COATING APPLICATION 10.3.2 Special Painting Operations CHAPTER 11. SIGNS, TRAFFIC AND OBSTRUCTION MARKING 11.1.2 Methods of Sign Preparation 11.1.7 Pressure Sensitive Overlays 11.1.9 Applicable Specifications Section 2. TRAFFIC OBSTRUCTION 11.2.2 Types of Products Available 11.2.3 Applicable Specifications 11.2.6 Preparation of Coating for Use 11.2.7 Application of Coatings Section 3. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS 11.3.1 References, Standards, Manuals and Regulations 3-1 Safe Center Loads for Scaffold Plank 3-2 Use the Proper Fire Extinguisher 4-4 Treatment of Various Substrates 6-1 Comparison of Paint Binders-Application Properties 6-2 Comparison of Paint Binders-Use and Service 6-3 Comparison of Paint Binders-Film Properties 6-4 Comparison of Paint Binders-Principal Properties 6-5 Classification of Coatings According to Methods of Cure 6-6 Compatibility of Commonly Used Paints 7-1 Types of Interior Finishes 8-1 Types of Exterior Finishes 8-2 Selection of Typical Primers for Iron and Steel 3-1 Mechanical Filter Respirator 3-2 Chemical Cartridge Respirator 3-10 Acid-Proof Air-Supplied Suit 3-14 Double Pole or Independent Scaffolding 3-15 Diagonal Bracing on Double Pole Scaffolding 3-16 Single Pole Scaffolding-Corner Construction 3-17 Horse Scaffold, Two Tiers 3-18 Outrigger Scaffold With Guard Rail 3-20 Pipe Scaffolding-Roller Outrigger Type 3-21 Pipe Scaffolding-One Man Assembly Type 3-22 Swinging Scaffold-Ladder Platform Type 3-24 Bosun Chair and Swinging Scaffold (Construction Details) 3-25 Knots and Hitches Used in Painting Operations 3-26 Grounding of Tank Equipment 3-27 Grounding of Blast Nozzle 3-28 Combustible Waste, Separate Containers 3-29 Keep Combustible Materials in Metal Waste 4-1 Paint Mixer-Drill Attachment 4-2 Paint Mixer-Vibrating Shaker 4-3 Paint Mixer-Propeller Type 4-6 Typical Power Grinding Tool 4-7 Air Powered Cleaning Tools 4-9 Typical Drill Attachment Tool 4-10 Rotary Impact Cleaning Tool 4-15 Direct Pressure Blast Cleaning Tanks 4-18 Centrifugal Blaster - Cutaway View 4-33 Roller and Wire Screen Attachment to Can 4-36 Modern Production Spray Gun 4-38 Spray Gun Held Perpendicular to Surface to Prevent Uneven Deposit of Paint 4-40 Spraying Large Flat Areas 4-41 Spraying Horizontal Surfaces 4-43 Spraying Edges and Corners 4-44 Painting Interior Corners 4-45 Spray Gun Adjustments and Cleaning 4-49 Clean Brush Until No Paint is Noticeable 4-50 Twirl Brush after Cleaning 4-51 Brush Should Be Completely Free of Paint 5-1 Soiling or Dirt Collection (Upper Panel) 5-3 Failure of Water-Thinned Paint To Adhere to Chalky Surface 5-4 Failure of Solvent-Thinned Paint To Adhere 5-10 Normal Deterioration of a Paint by Checking and Crumbling 5-11 Severe Cracking, Curling and Flaking 5-17 Peeling From Galvanized Steel 5-18 Efflorescence on Concrete Block Wall 5-19 Severe Efflorescence on Brick Wall 5-22 One Type of Fungus (Mildew) (Magnified) 5-30 Loss of Adhesion From Moisture 5-31 Moisture From Within Structure 5-33 Moisture Peeling Caused by Contact with Ground 6-1 Effect of Pigment/Binder on Gloss 9-4 Applying Clear Floor Finishes 11-7 Hand Propelled Traffic Marker 11-8 Self Propelled Traffic Marker 11-9 Traffic Marker-Truck Model C. Paint and Cleaning Solvents D. Painting Material Specifications 4. Recommended Coating Systems The following Government agency, associations, and publications are herein acknowledged for their contributions to this manual: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Washington, DC Associations and Publications American Brush Mfrs. Assoc. (ABMA), Philadelphia, PA American Iron and Steel Institute, New York, NY American Paint Journal Co., St. Louis, MO Dover Publications, New York, NY Federation of Societies for Paint Tech. (FSPT), Philadelphia, PA Goodheart-Willcox Painting and Decorating Encyclopedia (Encycl), Homewood, IL National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), Houston, TX National Paint, Coatings Association (NPCA), Washington, DC Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA), Chicago, IL Paint and Wallpaper Logic, New York, NY The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New York, NY Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC), Pittsburgh, PA Southern Pine Association, New Orleans, LA Western Wood Products Assoc. (Western), Portland, OR The following industry sources also provided illustrations: Air Reduction Co., Inc. (Air Reduction), New York, NY Allied Chemical Corp., Plastics Division, Morristown, NJ Aluminum Co. of America (Alcoa), Pittsburgh, PA American Cyanamid Co., Bound Brook, NJ Archer Daniels Midland Co., Minneapolis, MN Arsco Paint Rollers, Inc. (Arsco), Hialeah, FL Bestt Roller Inc. (Bestt), Fond du Lac, WI Bil-Jax Inc. (Bil-Jax), Archbold, OH Binks Mfg. Co. (Binks), Chicago, IL Brooklyn Paint & Varnish Co., Inc., Brooklyn, NY Cities Service Co. (Cities Service), New York, NY Clemco-Clementina Ltd. (Clemco), San Francisco, CA Robert C. Collins Co. (Collins), Miami, FL The DeVilbiss Co. (DeVilbiss), Toledo, OH Devoe Paint Div. Celanese Ctgs. Co., Newark, NJ The Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, NJ E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. (DuPont), Wilmington, DE Eaglo Paint & Varnish Corp., Long Island City, NY EZ Paintr Corp. (EZ Paintr), Milwaukee, WI The Flood Co., Hudson, OH Gardner Laboratory Inc., Bethesda, MD Neil B. Garlock (Garlock), Arlington, VA Hartman-Walsh Painting Co., St. Louis, MO H & G Industries, Inc. (H & G), Belleville, NJ Inertol Co. of Koppers Co., Inc., Newark, NJ The Marindus Co. (Marindus), Englewood, NJ David Litter Laboratories (Litter), New York, NY Merkin Paint Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD Mine Safety Appliance Co., (Mine Safety), Pittsburgh, PA Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., (3M), St. Paul, MN Benjamin Moore & Co. (Moore), New York, NY National Lead Co., New York, NY Nordson Corp. (Nordson), Amherst, OH Oakite Products, Inc., New York, NY The Pangborn Corp., (Pangborn), Hagerstown, MD Pratt & Lambert, Inc., Buffalo, NY Ply-On Coatings, San Francisco, CA Purex Corp. Ltd., Wilmington, CA Reynolds Metals Co., Richmond, VA Spencer-Kellog Div., (Kellogg), Textron, Inc., Buffalo, NY The Sealube Co., Wakefield, MA Standard Safety Equipment Co. (Standard), Palatine, IL Steelcote Mfg. Co., St. Louis, MO Subox Div., Wyandotte Chemicals, Hackensack, NJ G. H. Tennant Co. (Tennant), Minneapolis, MN United Cooperatives, Inc., Alliance, OH Vi-Cly Industries, Compton, CA Wald Industries, Inc. (Wald), Huntington, PA Montomery Ward, Chicago Heights, IL R. D. Werner Co., Inc. (Werner), Greenville, PA Willson Products Div. 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